Kwi-Armendariz, California Supreme Inkundla igcine ukuba ibe semthethweni phantsi urhulumente umthetho bonke arbitration izivumelwano alinakukhuselwa unconscionable, noba procedurally (njengoko njani kwesi sivumelwano waye engene) okanye substantively (njengoko ukuba imiqathango sivumelwano)
Phantsi Armendariz esezantsi, iinkundla zisebenza"sliding umlinganiselo"indlela ukuhlola ubudlelane phakathi procedural and substantive unconscionability, ezifana ukuba nomdla ebonisa omnye uza bolster a buthathaka ebonisa lomnye.
Iinkundla uyaxhotyiswa ukuqwalaselwa nokuba na unconscionable izibonelelo kusenokuba severed ukusuka kwesi sivumelwano. Ngokungafaniyo disputes phezu imisebenzi arbitration ngokuqhelekileyo kwaziswa yi-unsophisticated abasebenzi claiming ukuba ingaba unwittingly waived zabo ilungelo a jury yovavanyo, Trivedi obandakanyekayo a plaintiff owaye umongameli kwaye i-CEO Curexo Iteknoloji yengxelo (Curexo). Ramesh Trivedi kwaye Curexo ingene i-imisebenzi sivumelwano kunye i-arbitration lokulingana phantsi apho amaqela bavumelana arbitrate na disputes phambi sole arbitrator ekhethiweyo ukususela kakuhle-ezaziwayo i-american Arbitration Association (AAA) pursuant ukuba AAA ke, eyesizwe kuba Isisombululo Yengqesho Disputes. Kwi ubuso ukuba oko, arbitration lokulingana wabonakala elifanelekileyo ngaloo ke akazange thintela yabasebenzi ke ilungelo discovery okanye akunakho ukuzisa ezithile amabango okanye umda ubungakanani amabango. Kwesi sivumelwano ngaphandle kokuba akukho ukuthandabuza ukuba umqeshi ke, kamva regret ukuba"prevailing iqela"uya kuba anelungelo lokuba ukubuyiselwa iindleko zayo kwaye lamagqwetha imirhumo ukusuka komnye umntu. Emva Curexo kugqityiwe Trivedi (kwi Halloween ngo-), owokuqala oluphezulu sued Curexo kwi-Alameda county Superior Inkundla alleging wenza ka senzo kubandakanya ubudala, ngokobuhlanga, umbala, kwaye lemveli wesizwe-calulo kwi-ukwaphulwa komthetho Elifanelekileyo Imisebenzi kunye Izindlu Umthetho (FEHA), ngokunjalo namabango akulunganga ishishini iindlela ezilungileyo, olwaphulo, engalunganga ukholo, kwaye intentional infliction ka-yeemvakalelo zakho distress.
Inkqubo yovavanyo inkundla saliwe Curexo ke sindululo ukuba compel arbitration, ingxowa-arbitration lokulingana ukuba abe kunye procedurally kwaye substantively unconscionable, kwaye wala sever"problematic izibonelelo,"njalo concluding i-arbitration lokulingana waba unenforceable kwaye evumela intshukumo ukuqhubeka ngaphakathi enkundleni.
I-Trivedi inkundla igcine ukuba arbitration lokulingana waba procedurally unconscionable kwi ezintathu emidlalo kwaba ezilungiselelwe ngo Curexo, yayiyeyona inkqubo esisinyanzelo thatha okanye-shiya-inxalenye imisebenzi kwesi sivumelwano, kwaye Trivedi akazange kunikwa ikopi AAA imithetho. Inkundla yaqwalasela ukuba"ukungaphumeleli ukunika Trivedi ikopi AAA imigaqo bekungekho trifling mba"ngenxa yokuba"imigaqo yandisa phezu amabini anesithandathu omnye-ukugqagqeneyoname amaphepha,"kanti wenza akukho kubhekiswa yokuba AAA enza imithetho afumaneka ngokuzenzekela ezikhoyo kuba ukukhuphela kwi iwebhusayithi yayo. Trivedi inkundla akazange idilesi nokuba ngaba i-arbitration ulungiselelo izakuba unconscionable ukuba umqeshi ayiphumelelanga ukubonelela yabasebenzi kunye arbitration foram migaqo njengoko zinjalo kamva revised. Inkundla kanjalo cited"nokungabikho prominence"arbitration lokulingana ngenxa yokuba"kwakukho enye typeface kwaye bekungekho ngakumbi conspicuous kunokuba nayiphi na ezinye iinxalenye kwi-imisebenzi sivumelwano,"kwaye iqaphele lento omnye umbandela inkundla inakho cinga ngendlela isigqibo unconscionability. Okokuqala, ngokuthi ukunikezela ukuba"prevailing iqela"uya kuba anelungelo lokuba ukubuyiselwa iindleko kwaye attorneys' imirhumo, arbitration lokulingana waba engavisisaniyo nomthetho-matyala iinkcazelo ukuba phantsi FEHA a prevailing defendant babe ukubuyiselwa iindleko ezinjalo kwaye iintlawulo kuphela apho plaintiff ke, intshukumo waba"frivolous, unreasonable, ngaphandle kwesiseko, okanye wamngenisa engalunganga ukholo."Inkundla ifumanise ukuba compelling Trivedi ukuba arbitrate phantsi lokulingana wabeka Trivedi"e-ngakumbi umngcipheko kunokuba ukuba uya kwaziswa yakhe FEHA amabango kwi-inkundla."Inkundla ulucimile umqeshi ke umzamo gcina arbitration lokulingana yi-ayo isiphumezi-miyalelo ukuba, ngayo nayiphi na isiganeko, AAA imigaqo zifuna arbitrator ukuba kweelwimi imirhumo ngokungqinelana umthetho osebenzayo. Inkundla kuchazwe ukuba"yokuxhomekeka kumanzi kwi uxwebhu ukuba Trivedi waba zange ezinikezelwe ayikwazi relieve Curexo ka-ifuthe lomgaqo-mthethweni ulungiselelo kwi-arbitration lokulingana apho kuya drafted kwaye insisted phezu."Njengoko yesibini kwaye ezahlukeneyo emhlabeni, inkundla ifumanise i-Curexo arbitration lokulingana ke injunctive uncedo ulungiselelo ukuba abe substantively unconscionable. Ulungiselelo kwaquka ingxelo yokuba"provisional injunctive uncedo unakho, kodwa akukho mfuneko yokuba, ibe wafuna kwinkundla yomthetho xa arbitration iingxoxo ingaba kumiselwe"kwaye Inkundla Isibheno ekuvunyelwene ngalo i-yovavanyo inkundla ke, beqiqa kwi-ingxowa-unconscionability ngenxa yokuba"kubalulekile ngakumbi kusenokwenzeka ukuba umqeshi ebeya kufuna injunctive uncedo."Inkundla Isibheno, nangona kunjalo, disagreed kunye yovavanyo inkundla ke ukufumana ukuba injunctive uncedo ulungiselelo kuvunyelwe kuba ngokubanzi uncedo kunokuba basenokuba wazuza phantsi i-Code of Zasekuhlaleni Nkqubo. I-Trivedi isigqibo sigaba sibonisa waqhubeka hostility kunye apho California iinkundla ukuhlola imisebenzi arbitration izivumelwano. Abaqeshi kufuneka ukubonisana ingcebiso kwi-yokuhlola umsebenzi arbitration izivumelwano ukugqiba nokuba kukho izibonelelo ukuba basenokuba construed njengoko unconscionable, noba procedurally okanye substantively, ukukhanya Trivedi. Ngexesha yokuhlola arbitration izivumelwano, abaqeshi kufuneka re-ukuhlola nokuba arbitration yi best lokugwadlwa xolisa ka-msebenzi disputes. Njengoko rhoqo, abaqeshi kufuneka ukubonisana ingcebiso ukuhlola izibonelelo imingcipheko arbitration.
