Komthetho kwi-Japan inikeziwe kakhulu yi - Prefectural Amapolisa Amasebe phantsi oversight Yesizwe Amapolisa-Arhente, kodwa kukho ezahlukeneyo ezinye komthetho amagosa kwi-JapanKukho iindidi ezimbini komthetho amagosa kwi-Japan, ngokuxhomekeka nangumsinga ulungiselelo: Amapolisa amagosa ka-Prefectural Amapolisa masebe amiselweyo njengoko-Matyala amapolisa amagosa phantsi Inqaku yokuziphatha, ulwaphulo-Mthetho Nkqubo. Kwi-inqaku efanayo umthetho, kubalulekile stipulated kuba Ezikhethekileyo-matyala amapolisa amagosa nomngeni kunye specialized imihlaba kunye phezulu iinkalo zobuchule. I-Isijapanese urhulumente wamisa European-isimbo zasekuhlaleni amapolisa inkqubo kwi, phantsi centralized ulawulo Amapolisa Bureau ngaphakathi Ekhaya Kubulungiseleli, abeke phantsi yangaphakathi disturbances uze ugcine ucwangco ngexesha Meiji Lomsebenzi. Yi-s, amapolisa kokuba kwaphuhliswa kwi nationwide instrument of government ulawulo, ngokubonelela ngenkxaso wobulali iinkokeli kwaye enforcing-wonke mnqophiso. Baya acted njengoko jikelele zasekuhlaleni administrators, ukuphumeza esemthethweni imigaqo-nkqubo kwaye ngaloo ndlela facilitating unification kwaye modernization. Kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni ingakumbi, amapolisa wayenempembelelo enkulu igunya kwaye baba accorded efanayo mixture ka-uloyiko kwaye malunga njengoko dolophana intloko. Yabo ukwanda inxaxheba koluntu ezopolitiko imicimbi yayiyenye isiseko ye-authoritarian karhulumente kwi-Japan lokuqala nesiqingatha lenkulungwane yeminyaka engamashumi amabini. I-centralized amapolisa indlela steadily acquired uxanduva, kude kube controlled phantse kuyo yonke imiba yonke imihla ubomi, kuquka umlilo zokuthintela kunye mediation ka-sebenza disputes. Inkqubo regulated public health, ushishino, factories, ukwakhiwa, kwaye ekhutshwe amaphepha-mvume kwaye licenses. Uxolo Nogcino Umthetho wanika amapolisa igunya ukuba arrest abantu 'ezingachanekanga iingcinga'. Ezikhethekileyo Ephakamileyo Amapolisa (Tokko) babedalwe ukulawula umxholo sindululo pictures, ezopolitiko iintlanganiso, nonyulo campaigns. I-Imperial Isijapanese Umkhosi ke military amapolisa (Kempeitai) kwaye Imperial Isijapanese Nevi ke Tokkeitai, zokusebenza phantsi zabo zahlukeneyo iinkonzo kwaye ubulungisa kwaye ekhaya ministries aided i-civilian amapolisa kwi-limiting proscribed ezopolitiko umsebenzi. Emva Manchurian Siganeko ka, military amapolisa assumed ngakumbi igunya, ezikhokelela ungqubano kunye zabo civilian counterparts. Emva amapolisa yathi yayalela ishishini imisebenzi kuba imfazwe lincinane, mobilized kusebenza, kwaye controlled ezibanzi zezothutho. Emva Japan ke surrender ngowe, umsebenzi abasemagunyeni kwi-Imfazwe Yehlabathi II retained i-prewar amapolisa ubume de inkqubo entsha waba uphunyezwe kwaye Yezosondlo ophunyezwe - Amapolisa Umthetho.
Ephikisana Isijapanese iziphakamiso kuba nomdla, centralized umkhosi ukumelana postwar isiphithiphithi, amapolisa indlela waba decentralized.
Malunga, zintandathu - anamashumi elizimeleyo kamasipala imikhosi bemiselwe kwi-izixeko, ezinemigodi, needolophana nge, abemi okanye ngaphezulu, kwaye i-National Lwasemaphandleni Amapolisa lamiswa yi-prefecture. Civilian ulawulo kwakuza nto iqinisekise ngokuthi bafakwe amapolisa phantsi kolawulo-wonke ukhuseleko commissions controlled yi - National Public Ukhuseleko Ikhomishini kwi-Ofisi Prime Umphathiswa.
Ekhaya Kubulungiseleli waba abolished kwaye endaweni yi-ngaphantsi anamandla Nesebe lemicimbi yezekhaya, kwaye amapolisa baba stripped zabo uxanduva ukhuseleko emlilweni, public health, kunye neminye imisebenzi yolawulo.
Xa uninzi umsebenzi imikhosi baba transferred to Korea kwi kunye isikorean Imfazwe, olomeleleyo Wesizwe Amapolisa Uvimba (predecessor ye-Japan Emhlabeni Mna-nkqo ekukhuseleni ilungelo Umkhosi) lisekwe ngaphandle Rhoqo amapolisa organizations emva phezulu nokuqheleka amapolisa ngexesha zasekuhlaleni disturbances. Kwaye koxinzelelo, inyusiwe kuba centralized indlela ngakumbi ithelekiswa kunye Isijapanese ezopolitiko uluhlu lwezinto ezikhethwayo. I- Amapolisa Umthetho waba ya ngowe- ukuvumela amapolisa kamasipala ka-encinane uluntu ukuba idibane Yesizwe Lwasemaphandleni Amapolisa.
Uninzi bakhetha le amalungiselelo, kwaye yi- kuphela malunga namakhulu anamashumi izixeko, ezinemigodi, needolophana? kokuba kwezabo amapolisa imikhosi.
Phantsi ya Amapolisa Umthetho, zokugqibela restructuring yenziwe i-nangakumbi centralized inkqubo apho wobulali imikhosi baba umbutho yi-prefectures phantsi Wesizwe Amapolisa-Arhente. I-revised Amapolisa Umthetho, uzole kwi ukusebenza kwi-s, preserves abanye olomeleleyo amanqaku ye-postwar ndlela, ingakumbi amanyathelo ukuqinisekisa civilian ulawulo kwaye ezopolitiko neutrality, ngexesha evumela ukwanda centralization. Urhulumente uxanduva ekulondolozeni-wonke ukuze wenziwe zacaciswa ukuquka unxulumano oluqhubekayo nentsebenziswano wesizwe kwaye wobulali iinzame centralization ka amapolisa ulwazi, uthungelwano, kwaye ubungqina ukugcina kumaziko kwaye wesizwe nemigangatho soqeqesho, uniforms, ahlawule, udidi, ukukhuthazwa. Lwasemaphandleni kunye kamasipala imikhosi baba abolished kwaye esihlangeneyo kwi prefectural imikhosi, apho kuphethwe ezisisiseko amapolisa imicimbi. Amagosa kwaye inspectors ezahlukeneyo ministries kunye nee-arhente kuqhubekeka ukusebenzisa ezikhethekileyo amapolisa imisebenzi eyabelwe bona kwi- Amapolisa Umthetho. Prefectural Amapolisa Masebe yamiselwa nganye Prefectures kwaye kufuneka ngokupheleleyo uxanduva rhoqo amapolisa imisebenzi yabo indawo uxanduva.
Ezi Prefectural Amapolisa masebe ngokukodwa kamasipala amapolisa lelabo amapolisa igunya, kodwa imisebenzi yabo ingaba coordinated ngumthetho Wesizwe Amapolisa-Arhente kunye Nokubandakanyeka Ukhuseleko Ikhomishini.
Njengoko central coordinating umzimba kuba yonke amapolisa indlela, Wesizwe Yamapolisa yomzantsi afrika limisela jikelele imigangatho kwaye imigaqo-nkqubo oluneenkcukacha kolawulo imisebenzi ngu ekhohlo ukuya ezantsi echelons. Kwi-national kaxakeka okanye enkulu abakhasayo intlekele, i-arhente ngu wagunyazisa ukuthatha umyalelo we prefectural amapolisa imikhosi. Ngowe- i-arhente waba composed ne, anamashumi wesizwe zasekuhlaleni izicaka, empowered ukuba ukuqokelela ulwazi kwaye ukuba ziqulunqe kwaye kwenziwe imigaqo-nkqubo wesizwe. I-arhente ngu namakhaya nge commissioner jikelele lowo unyulelwe yi-National Public Ukhuseleko Ikhomishini le ukuvunywa prime umphathiswa.
I-Central-Ofisi ibandakanya iqumrhu lolawulo, kunye izahlulo kuba jikelele imisebenzi, ucwangciso, ulwazi, ezemali, ulawulo, kwaye ukuthenga kwaye unikezelo ka amapolisa izixhobo, anesihlanu bureaus.
I-ummi oversight inikeziwe yi-National Public Ukhuseleko Ikhomishini. Njengoko, i-NPA ubani ukomelela, asibhozo amagosa, anamashumi amapolisa amagosa, ama Imperial abalindi kwaye, asibhozo amapolisa abasebenzi. Xa iyonke nokomelela prefectural amapolisa ngu-malunga nama, ama-matyala, amakhulu amahlanu amapolisa amagosa kwaye, zine - anamashumi amapolisa abasebenzi.
Nationwide, kukho malunga nama, ibhinqa amapolisa amagosa kwaye, amakhulu asixhenxe ibhinqa amapolisa abasebenzi.
Zonke zokusebenza amapolisa iiyunithi ezisekiweyo kwi Prefectural Amapolisa Headquarters nganye Prefectures. Ngamnye Prefectural Amapolisa masebe composed ka-Prefectural-Wonke Ukhuseleko Ikhomishini, amapolisa igunya, kwaye Amapolisa Headquarters, zokusebenza zesingesi. Prefectural Amapolisa Isebe Tokyo ingaba ngokukodwa ekubhekiswe kuye njengoko yenqila iphela Amapolisa Kwicandelo. Kanjalo, Isijapanese ulwimi, Hokkaido Prefectural Amapolisa masebe, abo kwi-Ōsaka kwaye Kyōto ingaba Fu-keisatsu kwaye ingaba elibalulekileyo ezivela kwezinye Prefectural Amapolisa Amasebe. Kukho ezinye, amapolisa amagosa nationwide, malunga ipesenti ngaye baba affiliated kunye Prefectural Amapolisa Amasebe. I-NPA Commissioner Jikelele uphethe ephezulu indawo Isijapanese amapolisa. Yakhe isihloko ayiyo udidi, kodwa endaweni yoko denotes bakhe indawo, njengentloko yesigqeba NPA. Kwesinye isandla, MPD Superintendent Jikelele limele hayi kuphela ephezulu udidi kwindlela kodwa kanjalo ukunikezelwa njengentloko yesigqeba Tokyo Isebe lamapolisa lesixeko. Amapolisa amagosa abantliziyo udidi ingaba ngaphezulu kwama-Druid Commissioner ingaba salaried yi-National lwabiwo-mali nkqu ukuba babe belong ngqo amapolisa amasebe. Designation kwaye dismissal ezi high-udidi amagosa ingaba uthunywe kwi-National Public Ukhuseleko Ikhomishini. Zininzi amawaka-Wonke ukhuseleko amagosa iqhotyoshelwe ukuba ezahlukeneyo nee-arhente ezingamahlakani. Ngabo eliphathiswe imicimbi enjalo njengoko ihlathi nogcino, narcotics ulawulo, fishery le ngxelo, kwaye ukunyanzeliswa imigaqo kwi-maritime, asebenze, kwaye amehlo ukhuseleko. Kwi-Mthetho kwi Yomvuzo wonyaka Amagosa kwi Rhoqo Inkonzo, umvuzo ithebhule ukuze Uluntu ukhuseleko amagosa kuquka-Matyala amapolisa amagosa ngu stipulated. Oyena kwaye ibaluleke kakhulu kwezi ubufundisi-supervised-wonke ukhuseleko nee-arhente yi-Japan Coast Lokugada, wangaphandle: i-arhente Zokulungiselela Umhlaba, iziseko Zophuhliso, Uthutho kunye Nokhenketho uya kufumanisa ukuba ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye kwiindawo ezingaselunxwemeni kwamanzi kwaye maintains kumaziko kuba safeguarding ulawulo. I-arhente isebenza a fleet ka-patrol kwaye rescue craft ukongeza ezimbalwa aircraft kusetyenziswa ngokukodwa kuba antayi-smuggling patrols kwaye rescue imisebenzi. Ngowe- kwakukho, nokuxinga kwaye ngomhla kwamanzi Kwezo nokuxinga, abantu drowned okanye balahleka kwaye, abantu baba address. Baya ukukhombisa u-national ukhuseleko nemiba kunye ngaphakathi kwaye ngaphandle kweli lizwe. Layo imisebenzi engekho ngokubanzi kwazeke ukuba uluntu.
