Ukuba ezimbalwa ke zidibene umvuzo kwi eninzi
Taxation kwi-Japan ngu ezisekelwe ngokukodwa phezu lezwelonke irhafu yengeniso ingeniso kwaye zokuhlala irhafu esekelwe phezu omnye ke, indawo yokuhlalaKukho lwamanzi irhafu excise iirhafu kwi-national umphakamo, i-yeshishini irhafu kunye isithuthi irhafu ngomhla prefectural inqanaba kwaye ipropati irhafu e kamasipala inqanaba. I-Liberal Yesininzi Iqela urhulumente Masayoshi Ōhira kokuba azama angenise a lwamanzi irhafu ngowe. Ohira zahlangana ezininzi indawo ngaphakathi eyiyeyakhe umntu kwaye wanika phezulu ngomhla wakhe umzamo emva kokuba iqela lakhe intlungu kakubi kwi- unyulo. Iminyaka elishumi kamva Noboru Takeshita ngempumelelo negotiated kunye amalungu ezopolitiko, bureaucrats, amashishini kunye basebenza iimanyano ukuba angenise a lwamanzi irhafu, esibizwa ungeniswa e a umyinge ezintathu lwamanzi irhafu ngowe.
Ngoaprili phantsi urhulumente Ryutaro Hashimoto kwaba ukwanda isihlanu.
Isihlanu lwenziwa phezulu a zine - national lwamanzi irhafu kwaye omnye wobulali lwamanzi irhafu. Kufutshane nje emva irhafu waba ungeniswa Japan wehla wangena recession, esibizwa blamed ngabanye kwi lwamanzi irhafu yandisa, kwaye ngabanye kwi- Asian-mali bunzima. Prime Umphathiswa Omnci'ichirō Koizumi wathi wayengenamntu injongo ka-ukukhulisa ukuhlawula irhafu ngexesha lakhe urhulumente, kodwa emva yakhe massive victory kwi- unyulo yena wawaphakamisela a ban kwi ngokuxoxa kuyo. Kwiminyaka elandelayo iminyaka a inani LDP amalungu ezopolitiko lixoxiwe ukukhulisa kwaso ngaphezulu, kuquka prime abaphathiswa Shinzō Abe, Yasuo Fukuda, kwaye Tarō Asō. Yesininzi Iqela of Japan weza amandla kwi-agasti unyulo kunye isithembiso hayi nyusa lwamanzi irhafu iminyaka emine.
Wokuqala DPJ prime umphathiswa, Yukio Hatoyama waba endaweni, kodwa Naoto Kan endaweni kuye kwaye ngokuba kuba lwamanzi irhafu kuba wavusa.
Ezi zinto zilandelayo prime umphathiswa, Yoshihiko Noda 'staked lakhe lezopolitiko ubomi' kwi ukukhulisa ukuhlawula irhafu.
Nangona kwenzeke idabi ukuba wabona yangaphambili DPJ inkokeli kwaye co-umseki Ichirō Ozawa kwaye nezinye ezininzi DPJ yezosondlo amalungu ivoti ngokuchasene lo mthetho usayilwayo kwaye ke ukushiya umntu, ngojuni, lower indlu Isijapanese yezosondlo iphumeze umthetho oyilwayo ukuphinda-phinda irhafu ishumi.
Omtsha oyilwayo ukwanda i-irhafu isibhozo ngoaprili kwaye ishumi kweyedwarha yowama. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa Japan ke, imeko yezoqoqosho, Abe urhulumente foliso ukuhlawula irhafu yandisa ishumi kabini xa kuqaliswayo de kuepreli kwaye ke kweyedwarha kowama. Kukho mlingane deduction ukuba abanye kuba argued discourages abafazi ukusuka ungena kubasebenzi isigxina. Kwi-Japan, Eludongeni. amashumi ezigidi oxygen yi controversial loluntu phenomenon phakathi Isijapanese housewives ngenxa kukarhulumente taxation mgaqo-nkqubo. ezingama-oxygen, nge, oxygen esiza ukususela mlingane, ezimbalwa ayikwazi ukuthatha i-marital deduction (配偶者控除). Abo bamkela i-umvuzo kwi-eninzi amashumi ezigidi oxygen, kunye, oxygen esiza ukususela mlingane, abanako thatha akhethekileyo marital deduction (配偶者特別控除). Njengoko uninzi abafazi athabatha inxaxheba kubasebenzi yenjenjalo kuphela njengenxalenye-ixesha abasebenzi, oku izenzo njengokuba isinyanzelo kwi-ngokwandisa zabo personal ingeniso ziyi. contradictory ezingama-oxygen umda Ngoko ke, apho ikhona a disincentive kuba abafazi ukusebenza isigxina imisebenzi enokuthi kuchaphazela kubasebenzi inxaxheba. Kubalulekile uqaphele ukuba -Income Tax Isikhokelo kuba Foreigners, ingeniso taxation ayikho explicitly a gendered mba. Olunzulu oku imvelaphi, 'a umntu lowo utshate naye icacisiwe njengoko omnye abahlala efanayo ekhayeni lakho njengoko taxpayer njengoko zikadisemba st lonyaka abachaphazelekayo, nabantliziyo iyonke isixa-mali ingeniso kuba akazange zingaphezu, oxygen. (p.)' Oku kuthetha ukuba ngokwasemthethweni, homemaker ngu ngokulula umntu ophilayo kwi-taxpayer ke ekhaya abantliziyo ingeniso akusebenzi significantly negalelo indlu, nokuba ngesondo. Emva koko kwi-uxwebhu, 'umntu lowo utshate naye' kubhekiswa kuwo njenge - 'yakhe okanye yakhe' (p.), ngakumbi kugxininisa ukubaluleka komntu ukuba irhafu umthetho ayikho intended ukuba discriminate ngokuchasene housewives kokuthile. Yokuba ezingama-oxygen Eludongeni' sele ezichaphazelekayo abafazi ngaphezu abantu ngaphandle nokungabikho gendered ulwimi kwi rhafu umthetho uthetha ukuba igunya loluntu imeko (nezinye izinto kanti omiselwe) izigqibo ye-Isijapanese kubasebenzi.
